The siderophore-interacting protein is involved in iron acquisition and virulence of Riemerella anatipestifer strain CH3

Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in poultry and serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. However, little is known regarding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. The ability to acquire iron under low-iron conditions is related to the virulence of a variety of bacterial pathogens. In this study, a sip (Riean_1281) deletion mutant CH3Δsip was constructed and characterized for iron-limited growth, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity to ducklings. Results showed that siderophore-interacting protein (SIP) was involved in iron utilization and the sip deletion significantly reduced biofilm formation and adherence to and invasion of Vero cells. In addition, the sip gene was absent in 1 of 24 (4.17%) virulent strains and 2 of 3 (66.7%) avirulent strains of R. anatipestifer, and the sip gene from six R. anatipestifer strains, which belong to serotypes 1, 2, and 10, respectively, shared 100% amino acid identities to those of R. anatipestifer strains DSM15868 and RA-GD. These results suggested that siderophore-mediated iron acquisition may be an important iron-uptake pathway in R. anatipestifer. Animal experiments indicated that the median lethal dose of the CH3Δsip mutant in ducklings was about 35-fold higher than that of the wild-type CH3 strain. Thus, our results demonstrated that R. anatipestifer SIP was involved in iron acquisition and necessary for its optimal virulence.     

液压Stewart主从系统六维控制策略

设计了一种主从手均为液压Stewart机构的主从控制系统,用于操作者以遥操作的方式进行复杂曲面的研磨,避免研磨粉尘对现场工作的工人造成呼吸道伤害。针对该机构需具有六维力反馈的工作要求,采用基于工作空间的四通道力觉双向伺服策略,以降低连杆差异和外界干扰力等非线性因素的影响,提高力反馈精度。在此基础上提出了六维的策略切换控制,解决因从端遭遇刚性冲击引起的主手震荡问题。通过柔性及刚性碰撞实验证明了该策略的有效性。     

舟山渔场银鲳和灰鲳繁殖特性的比较

用常规的生物学调查方法对舟山渔场银鲳和灰鲳进行了周年的取样调查分析，并对其性腺做石蜡切片，观察性腺发育情况，对银鲳和灰鲳的繁殖特性进行比较研究。结果表明：银鲳和灰鲳在繁殖季节性比为1∶1；两者的性腺发育和卵母细胞发育没有显著差异（P>0.05），Ⅴ时相的卵母细胞卵径都为700～870 μm，油球1个，油球径260～400 μm，初级卵膜厚度12～19 μm；都为一个繁殖期内多次产卵类型的鱼类；繁殖期内银鲳、灰鲳雌性生殖群体的平均叉长分别为22.5 cm、29.0 cm，银鲳雄性生殖群体叉长主要集中在14.0～17.0 cm，灰鲳雄性生殖群体叉长为23.0～25.5 cm；银鲳的繁殖季节在每年的4月初至6月初，繁殖高峰在4月中旬到5月中旬，银鲳卵巢成熟系数最高可达25%；而灰鲳的繁殖期在每年的6月初至8月中旬，繁殖高峰在6月下旬到7月下旬，灰鲳的卵巢成熟系数最高只有12.6%。银鲳繁殖期的水温为18～24 ℃，灰鲳为24～28 ℃；其他环境条件差异不大。另外还对银鲳和灰鲳卵母细胞发育的特征、繁殖期内卵巢成熟系数的变动以及繁殖期内环境因子的变动对产卵群体的数量影响进行了讨论。     

锯缘青蟹亲蟹选择及培育技术

亲蟹质量及亲蟹培育是锯缘青蟹人工育苗的基础。本文就亲蟹的选择、亲蟹暂养期的环境、亲蟹的饵料及饲养条件进行了探讨。在相同的理化因子条件下,海捕亲蟹的抱卵率(62.13％)大约为养殖亲蟹抱卵率(26.67％)的2.31倍。     

Effect of pH on the gelation of walleye pollack surimi and carp actomyosin pastes

ABSTRACT: The effect of pH on thermal gelation and transglutaminase (TGase; EC2.3.2.13)-induced suwari (setting) of surimi and actomyosin pastes was investigated. A strong and elastic gel was produced from walleye pollack surimi paste at pH 7.0 in the presence of Ca²⁺ using a two-step heating method. In contrast, walleye pollack actomyosin paste formed a weak gel under the same conditions as a result of the low concentration of endogenous TGase. In the presence of EGTA [ethyleneglycol bis(2-aminoethylether) tetraacetic acid], weak gels were formed at pH values of 7.0 and 6.0. Non-proteolytic modori (gel weakening) occurred extensively in the course of actomyosin gelation, but not in surimi gelation. Maximum TGase-induced myosin heavy chain cross-linking was observed at a slightly higher pH of 7.5 than at the optimal pH of endogenous TGase activity; the difference being derived from different substrates. Gelation of carp actomyosin paste at pH values of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 was monitored by measuring storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G"). A weak gel was formed at all pH values, but a slightly rigid and less elastic gel was obtained at lower pH values. The addition of microbial TGase (MTGase) formed strong elastic gels at pH 7.0 and 6.5. MTGase cross-linked myosin heavy chains even at pH 5.5, but contributed neither to suwari response nor strong gel formation. Overall, results suggest that the optimal pH for the gelation of surimi paste from easy-setting fish species is a compromise between the pH-optima of TGase activity and of preferable actomyosin conformation for myosin cross-linking.     

围网渔船起网时受力的实测与分析

通过对围网渔船起网过程中所受外力的实测和分析,表明在绞收括纲阶段临近结束时,即底环集中串挂在船舷括纲吊柱处时的外力,最大可达7,140公斤。起网时外力对船作用最终表现为外力矩,其数值与网具的纲索或网衣相对于船的出水点位置以及各种捕捞、起吊设备的安装位置有关,也即与力的作用线方向和作用点有关。作者认为在围网渔船稳性核核中,仅校核起吊底环和绞收网衣时的倾侧力矩是不够的,应选取整个起网过程中最大起网力矩(绞纲阶段末尾的倾侧力矩)用于渔船稳性校核和摇摆计算。     

饲料中添加激素类等药剂促进僵鳗生长及复壮的研究

在工厂化、高密度、全人工控制的养鳗条件下,使用雌二醇、牛肝糜维生素、甲基睾丸素、强的松等药剂,可以显著地促进僵鳗的生长和复壮,在生产中可以取得较好的经济效益。同时,本试验对于露天止水式和水库网箱养鳗也有普遍的意义。     

湖泊渔业资源开发的系统动力学模型研究

采用灰色系统理论与国际先进的人工神经网络模拟相结合的先进技术，进行了太湖、濑湖和金鸡湖的渔业资源开发的系统动力学模型研究。认为控制捕涝强度是调空太湖针银鱼，梅鲚，白虾３个主要经济种群的关键因素，专家鉴定认为，本研究填补国内空白，居国内领先水平。     

南北湖渔业资源现状及开发途径的探讨

作者于１９９５年对位于杭州湾北岸海盐县境内的南北湖进行了周年浮生物种群组成调查及生物量季节变化的测定，由此估算出该湖食浮游生物及腐屑的鱼类增产潜力。鉴于南北湖是著名风景湖泊，在渔业上不宜采取投饵施肥方式增加鱼是疾病，但针对良料资源状况选择适宜品种，有节制地增殖放养某些经济鱼虾，不仅能     

Molecular cloning of gonadotropin cDNA in sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus

The cDNA for glycoprotein hormone (GPH) α-subunit, β-subunits of the FSH (GtH I) and LH (GtH II) were isolated, cloned, and sequenced from sevenband grouper pituitary using RACE PCR. These results show that sevenband grouper has two different types of gonadotropins FSH (GtH I) and LH (GtH II), as other teleosts.